Livorno is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of 158,493 residents in December 2017. It has traditionally been known in English as Leghorn.

The origins of Livorno are controversial, although the place was inhabited since the Neolithic Age as shown by worked bones, pieces of copper and ceramic found on the Livorno Hills in a cave between Ardenza and Montenero. The construction of the Via Aurelia coincided with the occupation of the region by the Romans, who left traces of their presence in the toponyms and ruins of towers. The natural cove called Liburna, later transformed into Livorna, before becoming Livorno, is a reference to the type of ship, the liburna, used by Roman navy. Others ancient toponyms include: Salviano (Salvius), Antignano (Ante ignem) which was the place situated before Ardenza (Ardentia) where were the beacons for the ships directed to Porto Pisano.

The name Livorna is mentioned for the first time in 1017 as a small coastal village, the port and the remains of a Roman tower. In 1077, a tower was built by Matilda of Tuscany. The Republic of Pisa owned Livorno from 1103 and built a quadrangular Fort called Quadratura dei Pisani ("Quarter of the Pisans") to defend the port. Porto Pisano was destroyed after the crushing defeat of the Pisan fleet in the Battle of Meloria in 1284. In 1399, Pisa sold Livorno to the Visconti of Milan, in 1405 it was sold to the Republic of Genoa and on 28 August 1421 it was bought by the Republic of Florence.

Between 1427 and 1429, a census counted 118 families in Livorno, including 423 persons. Monks, Jews, military personnel, and the homeless were not included in the census. The only remainder of medieval Livorno is a fragment of two towers and a wall, located inside the Fortezza Vecchia.

Witamy w gościnnym Prowansie! Bramą do tego regionu jest Marsylia – miasto „Marsylianki”, hymnu Francji, oraz słynnego Zamku If. Symbolem Marsylii jest bazylika Notre-Dame de la Garde. Latem można wziąć udział w oprowadzaniu po francusku (3 EUR), a dopłacając 5 EUR wejść na dach, skąd rozciąga się wspaniała panorama miasta. W pobliżu znajduje się opactwo św. Wiktora z ciekawymi katakumbami.

Rejs turystycznym statkiem na Wyspy Frioul pozwala zobaczyć Zamek If – znany z powieści o hrabim Monte Christo. Kulturalnym sercem Marsylii są Cours Julien i plac Jeana Jaurèsa – pełne księgarni, alternatywnych sklepów, klubów i kawiarni. Dwa razy w tygodniu odbywa się tu wielki targ (czwartek i sobota). Wśród atrakcji miasta znajdują się liczne muzea, galerie i dzieła architektury, a także malownicze zatoki zwane kalankami, uznawane za francuskie fiordy.

Mając reputację jednego z najatrakcyjniejszych miast w Europie, Barcelona świętuje swoją rolę stolicy Katalonii. Kosmopolityczna i międzynarodowa atmosfera miasta sprawia, że jest to ulubione miejsce wielu ludzi na całym świecie. Miasto jest szczególnie znane ze swojej architektury i sztuki – podróżnicy z całego świata przybywają, aby zobaczyć słynną Sagrada Familia i inne modernistyczne zabytki zaprojektowane przez Gaudiego.

Barcelona to miasto z licznymi i oryginalnymi możliwościami spędzania czasu wolnego, które sprawiają, że chcesz tu wracać. Położona na wybrzeżu Morza Śródziemnego Barcelona słynie z arcydzieł Gaudiego i architektury secesyjnej: jest jednym z najbardziej stylowych miast europejskich.

Miasto jest ośrodkiem nowych trendów w świecie kultury, mody i gastronomii. Dopełnieniem kreatywności artystów i projektantów jest ostrożne podejście do tradycyjnych placówek. Barcelona łączy w sobie urok i spokój historycznego centrum z awangardowymi nowoczesnymi dzielnicami i intensywnym tempem życia w jednym z najczęściej odwiedzanych miast na świecie.

Málaga is a municipality, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain. With a population of 569,130 in 2015, it is the second-most populous city of Andalusia and the sixth-largest in Spain. The southernmost large city in Europe, it lies on the Costa del Sol (Coast of the Sun) of the Mediterranean, about 100 kilometres (62.14 miles) east of the Strait of Gibraltar and about 130 km (80.78 mi) north of Africa.

Málaga's history spans about 2,800 years, making it one of the oldest cities in the world. According to most scholars, it was founded about 770 BC by the Phoenicians as Malaka From the 6th century BC the city was under the hegemony of Ancient Carthage, and from 218 BC, it was ruled by the Roman Republic and then empire as Malaca (Latin). After the fall of the empire and the end of Visigothic rule, it was under Islamic rule as Mālaqah for 800 years, but in 1487, the Crown of Castille gained control after the Reconquista. The archaeological remains and monuments from the Phoenician, Roman, Arabic and Christian eras make the historic center of the city an "open museum", displaying its history of nearly 3,000 years.

This important cultural infrastructure and the artistic heritage have culminated in the nomination of Málaga as a candidate for the 2016 European Capital of Culture.

The painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso, Hebrew poet and Jewish philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol and the actor Antonio Banderas were born in Málaga. The magnum opus of Cuban composer Ernesto Lecuona, "Malagueña", is named after the music of this region of Spain.

The most important business sectors in Málaga are tourism, construction and technology services, but other sectors such as transportation and logistics are beginning to expand. The Andalusia Technology Park (PTA), located in Málaga, has enjoyed significant growth since its inauguration in 1992. Málaga is the main economic and financial centre of southern Spain, home of the region's largest bank, Unicaja, and the fourth-ranking city in economic activity in Spain behind Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia.

Salvador is the capital of Bahia state and was formerly the first capital of Brazil. Salvador is known for its endless number of churches, as well as for being a land of majestic fortresses. After visiting these places, it is also worth taking a look at the Chapada Diamantina National Park – the most interesting natural park in Brazil. In Salvador, there reigns an atmosphere of joy, revelry, and holidays – this is due to the fact that the local population was influenced by Africa. In Salvador, you can always admire the natural beauty of this area. You will be enchanted by the sensuality of this land, and you will be able to discover a piece of its mysterious power.

Rio de Janeiro is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, the second-most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and sixth-most populous in the Americas. Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third-most populous state. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: CariocaLandscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape.

Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. Later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal, who subsequently, in 1815, under the leadership of her son, the Prince Regent, and future King João VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom, within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves. Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822, when the War of Brazilian Independence began. This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy, the Empire of Brazil, until 1889, and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília.